Procedure
|
Description
|
When it is used?
|
---|---|---|
MESA
(Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration) |
Sperm are retrieved directly from the epididymis (area in the testes where
sperm mature and are stored). Fertilisation is then attempted with ICSI. |
Severe male infertility. Absence of sperm in
the ejaculate (azoospermia). Congenital abnormalities (e.g absence of vas deferens). |
TESE
(Testicular sperm extraction) |
Biopsy of the testes is performed in order to obtain sperm directly from testicular
tissue. Fertilisation is then attempted with ICSI. |
Severe male infertility. Absence of sperm in epididymis. Absence of epididymis.
|
GIFT
(Gamete intra-fallopian transfer) |
Follows same procedures as IVF except that fertilization occurs in the body (in vivo). Sperm and eggs are placed directly into the fallopian tubes where fertilization can occur.
|
Infertility due to endometriosis and cervical mucus disorders. Religious reasons. Unexplained infertility. Some cases of male infertility.
|
ZIFT
(Zygote intra-fallopian transfer) |
Same procedures as IVF except that fertilised eggs are placed in the fallopian tubes at a certain stage of embryo development (zygote).
|
Same as for GIFT.
|
Couples come to FFC for their infertility treatments. The couple is evaluated by taking their detailed history, and examination is done by the team of experts to establish the cause of infertility. Further investigations and workup is planned according to the cause of infertility.
A normal shaped sperm has following features
The table below lists the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for normal semen analysis. Which may be helpful when your doctor discusses your results.
Normal semen analysis WHO 2010.
|
||
---|---|---|
Volume of semen
|
≥ 1.5 mL
|
|
Sperm concentration
|
≥ 15 x 106
|
|
Total motility (PR & NP)
|
≥ 40%
|
|
Morphological normal sperm
|
≥ 4%
|
PR: Progressive motility, NP: Non-progressive motility
A semen sample can reveal a real picture of sperms and certain hormone tests can also be done (in case ,they are required). By considering the test results, problems with male infertility are identified and treated according to the underlying cause.
On the other hand, a female history is also very helpful in order to know the following essential conditions which are required for pregnancy but may not be functioning correctly.
On the basis of the above finding female history, a specialist doctor may recommend certain Blood tests.
Following tests are performed to evaluate the levels of hormones that promote ovulation and implantation of the egg.
The over production of certain hormones can adversely effect ovulation.
Hysterosalpingography is a radiologic procedure to help investigate the anatomical defects, of uterus , its cavity and patency of the fallopian tubes. A radio-opaque material is injected into the cervical canal to show the filling of the uterine cavity and the bilateral filling of the Fallopian tube. Afterwards series of x.rays are performed.
An ultrasound test which uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs. Imaging tests can identify abnormalities and help doctors diagnose conditions.
A transvaginal ultrasound also called an endovaginal ultrasound, is a type of pelvic ultrasound used by doctors to examine female reproductive organs. This includes the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, and vagina.
Transvaginal ultrasound does not require any special preparations, you should be bleeding free and your bladder should be empty.
In most cases, a transvaginal ultrasound requires little preparation on your part.
There are many reasons why a transvaginal ultrasound might be necessary, including:
In the cases of infertility, once a detailed evaluation of the couple has been carried out, laparoscopy is a gold standard diagnostic investigation meant for.
It is a daycare procedure. It is performed under general anesthesia. The total duration for diagnostic laparoscopy is 13 minutes. And at least,
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